Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: A State-of-the-Art Review

Area of Science:

• Cardiac Surgery
• Minimally Invasive Procedures

Background:

• Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery (MICS) emerged in the late 1990s.
• MICS now represents one-third of global heart surgeries, demonstrating significant advancements and excellent outcomes.
• Commonly utilized for Mitral Valve repair, Aortic Valve Replacement, and coronary artery bypass grafting.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive historical overview of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery (MICS).
• To describe current key MICS techniques and their evolution.
• To discuss the future trajectory of MICS within cardiac surgery.

Main Methods:

• State-of-the-art (SotA) review format.
• Chronological analysis of MICS development.
• Review of current MICS techniques and applications.

Main Results:

• MICS has evolved significantly over 30 years, becoming a standard practice.
• Established MICS techniques show remarkable results in various cardiac procedures.
• The historical progression of MICS is not well-documented in existing literature.

Conclusions:

• This study aims to fill the gap in literature by providing a historical perspective on MICS.
• Understanding the evolution of MICS is crucial for appreciating its current status and future potential.
• The review will highlight key MICS techniques and their impact on the future of cardiac surgery.