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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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Quantitative Tissue Proteomics Reveals Protein Signatures Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Variant Infection in Hamsters.

Justin J Frere1,2,3, Boris Bonaventure1,4, Haylen T Rosberger1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States.

Journal of Proteome Research
|January 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Host responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants differ. Delta variant infection in hamsters caused more weight loss, linked to tracheal cilia loss and lung fibrosis, with suppressed cell proliferation across variants.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2hamsterpathogenesisphosphoproteomicsproteomics

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 variants exhibit diverse pathogenicity.
  • Understanding host responses is key for developing effective therapies against severe COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively compare host proteome and phosphoproteome responses to ancestral, Delta, and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants in vivo.
  • To associate host responses with variant-specific pathogenesis in Syrian golden hamsters.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative proteome and phosphoproteome analysis of Syrian golden hamster tissues (trachea, lung) at 5 days post-infection.
  • Comparison of host responses across three SARS-CoV-2 variants: WA-1/2020 (ancestral), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (BA.1).

Main Results:

  • Delta variant infection led to significant weight loss, decreased tracheal cilia proteins, and increased lung fibrosis.
  • Proteome analysis revealed variant-specific tissue responses.
  • Phosphoproteome analysis identified a conserved downregulation of the Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway across all variants, indicating suppressed proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • Host responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants are multidimensional and variant-specific.
  • In vivo data confirm in vitro findings regarding suppressed proliferative signaling.
  • Provides a quantitative resource for understanding tissue- and variant-specific host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.