Protoplast-Based Functional Genomics and Genome Editing: Progress, Challenges and Applications

Area of Science:

• Plant Biology
• Molecular Biology
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Protoplast-based systems allow direct delivery of molecules into plant cells, facilitating study of plant responses.
• These systems are crucial for dissecting plant signaling, stress adaptation, and gene regulation in various species.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and categorize 1050 articles on protoplast-based systems.
• To highlight advances in protoplast technology for plant science and crop improvement.
• To explore applications in cellular reprogramming, protoplast fusion, and gene editing.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review and analysis of 1050 published articles.
• Categorization based on delivery methods, research focus, plant species, and tissue types.
• Integration of recent advancements like single-cell transcriptomics and CRISPR/Cas ribonucleoprotein (RNP) editing.

Main Results:

• Protoplast systems are versatile for molecular dissection of plant responses.
• Single-cell transcriptomics offers high resolution for cellular response analysis.
• Protoplast regeneration is a key platform for crop improvement via fusion and gene editing.

Conclusions:

• Protoplast-based approaches are vital for understanding plant environmental interactions and stress resilience.
• Protoplast fusion and CRISPR/Cas RNP editing accelerate crop breeding for enhanced stress tolerance.
• These methods provide regulation-compliant strategies for developing improved cultivars, especially for challenging crops.