Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 29, 2026

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
Published on: November 9, 2016
Novel online education to support pharmacists' clinical decision-making skills
Liane Holmes1,2, Vicky Park1, Rona Honnet1,3
1Pharmacy, NHS Education for Scotland (NES), Glasgow, UK.
Background:
Improved decision-making skills and the confidence to deliver safe care have been identified as development needs of pharmacists working towards Advanced Practice in the UK. Interactive, online simulation was identified as a potential medium to promote the development of decision-making skills.
Aim:
Design, deliver and evaluate novel online education to support pharmacists' clinical decision-making skills.
Setting:
General Practice.
Development:
A bespoke branching scenario-based e-learning module was developed: 'Pharmacy clinical decision-making: Myocardial infarction (MI)' to allow pharmacists to practice clinical decision-making skills independently in a risk-free environment.
Implementation:
The module was available across Scotland to all pharmacists through NHS Education for Scotland's learning platform, Turas Learn.
Evaluation:
From August 2021 to May 2022, learners' (n = 34) perceptions of their confidence and competence in clinical decision-making were investigated using pre- and post-evaluation surveys (utilising 5scale Likert-type questions). Key aspects of clinical decision-making relating to the scenarios were investigated; overall care, interpreting blood results and specific dose adjustments. All areas assessed showed a statistically significant increase in the self-reported competence and confidence of the learners after using the module (Wilcoxon, p < 0.01). Qualitative analysis indicated that the module was well received; learners expressed a desire for a wider range of clinical topics alongside more complexity and variation in the scenarios.
Related Concept Videos
Nursing Clinical Information System
A Nursing Clinical Information System (NCIS) is a specialized type of healthcare information system tailored to meet the unique needs of nursing practice. It incorporates the principles of nursing informatics to streamline information management and improve the quality of care delivery.
Critical attributes of NCIS include:
Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview
Nonlinearity can arise due to the saturation of plasma protein-binding or...
Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches
Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

