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High-grade Thyroid Cancer Diagnosed After Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy With Multiple Benign Biopsies
Mayumi Endo1, Isaye Barton1, Nicole Zern2
1Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
JCEM Case Reports
|January 12, 2026
Summary
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can shrink thyroid nodules. However, this case highlights that even with benign fine needle aspirations (FNA), high-grade thyroid cancer can be missed, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Oncology
- Radiology
Background:
- Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a common treatment for symptomatic thyroid nodules.
- Benign fine needle aspiration (FNA) results are typically used to rule out malignancy before RFA.
- Thyroid nodule characteristics can be assessed using the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TI-RADS).

