Comparative Evaluation of Autograft and Freeze-Dried Bone Allograft in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects: A...

Periodontal intrabony defects are a key therapeutic target in regenerative periodontal therapy. Autografts and freeze-dried bone allografts (FDBA) are widely used for grafting purposes.

To clinically and radiographically compare the efficacy of autograft and FDBA in the treatment of intrabony defects over 12 months.

A total of 24 systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis presenting with comparable intrabony defects were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A (Autograft) and Group B (FDBA). Clinical parameters-gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), probing pocket depth (PPD), and relative attachment level (RAL)-were recorded at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Radiographic assessment using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed at baseline and 12 months to evaluate percentage bone fill.

Both groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in all clinical parameters (P < 0.05). Group A showed a slightly greater reduction in PPD and gain in RAL compared to Group B at 12 months. CBCT analysis revealed a mean bone fill of 58.6% in Group A and 50.3% in Group B.

Both autograft and FDBA showed clinically and radiographically favorable outcomes in intrabony defect regeneration. However, autograft demonstrated slightly superior efficacy, though the difference was not statistically significant.