Influence of Systemic Vitamin D Levels on Clinical Periodontal Parameters in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in immune regulation and bone metabolism, both critical in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. However, the direct influence of systemic Vitamin D levels on periodontal health remains underexplored.

This cross-sectional study included 90 patients aged 30-60 years with chronic periodontitis. Participants were categorized based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels into three groups: Deficient (<20 ng/mL), Insufficient (20-30 ng/mL), and Sufficient (>30 ng/mL). Clinical parameters including Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) were recorded. Serum Vitamin D levels were measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and Pearson correlation.

Among the participants, 38.9% were Vitamin D deficient, 35.6% insufficient, and 25.5% sufficient. Mean PPD and CAL were significantly higher in the deficient group (PPD: 4.26 ± 0.61 mm, CAL: 4.81 ± 0.77 mm) compared to the sufficient group (PPD: 3.42 ± 0.48 mm, CAL: 3.91 ± 0.55 mm; P < 0.01). Negative correlations were observed between Vitamin D levels and PPD (r = -0.49, P < 0.001), and CAL (r = -0.52, P < 0.001).

Lower systemic Vitamin D levels are associated with worse clinical periodontal parameters, suggesting its contributory role in periodontal disease progression. Monitoring and correction of Vitamin D deficiency may be beneficial as part of periodontal therapy.