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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

Published on: January 23, 2014

FLARE: A Flow Cytometry-Based Fluorescent Assay for Measuring HSV-1 Nuclear Egress.

Bing Dai^1,2, Lucas Polack¹, Samantha Moores^2,3

¹Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

|January 12, 2026

Summary

Researchers developed a novel flow cytometry assay (FLARE) to quantify herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) nuclear egress. This method offers a high-throughput, quantitative alternative to traditional imaging techniques for studying viral replication.

Keywords:

Antibody Capsid Double fluorescent reporter system Flow cytometry Fluorescence reporter HSV-1 Nuclear egress Nucleocytoplasmic export

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Temporal Analysis of the Nuclear-to-cytoplasmic Translocation of a Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Protein by Immunofluorescent Confocal Microscopy

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Published on: July 13, 2019

Area of Science:

Virology
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Herpesvirus replication involves nuclear egress, a process where viral capsids move from the nucleus to the cytosol.
Traditional methods like microscopy for measuring nuclear egress are labor-intensive and may introduce bias due to limited cell examination.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a quantitative, high-throughput flow cytometry-based assay for measuring HSV-1 nuclear egress.
To provide a more reliable alternative to traditional imaging techniques for studying viral nuclear egress.

Main Methods:

Developed FLARE (FLow cytometry-based Assay of nucleaR Egress), a double fluorescent reporter system.
Utilized HSV-1-tdTomato to identify infected cells and an Alexa Fluor-488-conjugated antibody for cytosolic capsids.
Employed flow cytometry for quantitative analysis of nuclear egress.

Main Results:

FLARE accurately quantifies HSV-1 nuclear egress.
The assay enables large-scale, high-throughput screening, suitable for applications like CRISPR/Cas9 screens.
Demonstrated potential for adaptation to other herpesviruses with appropriate antibodies.

Conclusions:

FLARE offers a significant advancement for studying herpesvirus nuclear egress.
The assay provides quantitative, high-throughput analysis, overcoming limitations of traditional methods.
FLARE is adaptable for broader applications in herpesvirus research and drug discovery.