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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
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Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II01:28

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The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:
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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
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Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism

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Exploring Causal Associations Between Plasma Metabolites and Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Shangyun Shi1, Ancha Baranova2,3, Hongbao Cao2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Alpha Psychiatry
|January 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bidirectional causal links between plasma metabolites and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were found using Mendelian randomization. These findings highlight potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ASD.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationautism spectrum disordercausal associationplasma metabolite

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Altered plasma metabolome observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • Causal relationship between metabolite levels and ASD risk remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess bidirectional causal associations between plasma metabolites and ASD.
  • Identify potential therapeutic targets for ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets.
  • Included ASD (n=46,350) and 871 plasma metabolite (n=8299) datasets.
  • Druggability analysis to prioritize metabolites with therapeutic potential.

Main Results:

  • Identified 32 plasma metabolites protective against ASD risk (e.g., 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol disulfate).
  • Found 12 metabolites positively associated with ASD risk (e.g., indoleacetylglutamine, sphingomyelin).
  • Genetic variation in ASD linked to altered abundance of specific metabolites, with potential for drug intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Uncovered bidirectional causal associations between specific plasma metabolites and ASD.
  • These metabolites may serve as biomarkers for ASD.
  • Findings pave the way for novel therapeutic targets in ASD phenotypes.