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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
07:35

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale

Published on: July 8, 2025

Seizures Risk Related to Atypical Antipsychotics: A Disproportionality Analysis Based on the FDA Adverse Event

Xue Zhao1, Yu Cheng1, Shen He1

  • 1Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030 Shanghai, China.

Alpha Psychiatry
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A pharmacovigilance study found atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) like ziprasidone and quetiapine have higher seizure risks than others. A negative correlation between the 5-HT1A/D2 receptor ratio and seizure risk suggests a potential mechanism.

Keywords:
FAERSantipsychotic agentsdisproportionality analysispharmacovigilanceseizures

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Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
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Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
07:35

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale

Published on: July 8, 2025

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
07:01

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacovigilance
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychopharmacology

Background:

  • Characterized seizure-related adverse events (AEs) of eight common atypical antipsychotics (AAPs).
  • Utilized the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database for analysis.
  • Explored potential receptor mechanisms linked to AAP-induced seizures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the spectrum of seizure-related AEs associated with eight commonly used AAPs.
  • To explore potential receptor mechanisms underlying AAP-related seizures.
  • To compare the seizure risk profiles across different AAPs.

Main Methods:

  • Performed disproportionality analysis on FAERS data (Q1 2004–Q2 2025).
  • Assessed signal values using ROR, PRR, BCPNN, and MGPS algorithms.
  • Examined associations between ROR values and receptor binding affinity data (D1, D2, D3, 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C) using Spearman correlation.

Main Results:

  • Analyzed 9057 AAP-seizure pairs, with 8540 showing significant seizure signals.
  • Quetiapine exhibited the broadest spectrum of seizure AEs (15 PTs).
  • Ziprasidone (ROR025=3.21), quetiapine (2.62), clozapine (2.58), olanzapine (2.53), and aripiprazole (2.05) showed stronger associations than risperidone, paliperidone, and lurasidone.
  • A significant negative correlation (rs=-0.79, p=0.036) was found between the 5-HT1A/D2 receptor affinity ratio and ROR values.

Conclusions:

  • Clozapine, quetiapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole, and ziprasidone show higher reporting signals for seizures compared to risperidone, paliperidone, and lurasidone.
  • The inverse correlation with the 5-HT1A/D2 ratio suggests a potential pharmacodynamic mechanism for AAP-induced seizures.
  • Clinicians should consider differential seizure risks among AAPs, especially in predisposed patients, and maintain vigilance.