The Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Bisphenol A Toxicity: A Systematic Literature Review

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical found in polycarbonate plastics that can disrupt the endocrine system of humans and animals. Because human exposure to BPA is ubiquitous, due to its high-volume production and use, research into methods of mitigating its toxicity is considered imperative.

The objective of this study thus was to summarize current knowledge of the effects of probiotics on BPA toxicity and of methods of restoring the overall health of organisms exposed to it.

An electronic search of the literature was undertaken using the PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify all relevant articles. Gray literature was also screened. The search process ended on March 31, 2025.

The following data were extracted from each intervention study: type of animal model, number of animals, BPA exposure, daily dose and type of probiotic supplementation, placebo, and other treatment intervention. The following details for experimental animals was also recorded: health status, mean age, main outcomes (changes in BPA toxicity; BPA content in stool, blood, saliva, or urine; decreased oxidative stress and endocrine disruption; changes in metabolic parameters such as insulin, lipid profile, and liver parameters).

A total of 404 studies were identified using the databases. Five in vivo and 7 in vitro articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Probiotic bacteria, especially Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, L. acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis, and Lactobacillus reuteri have potential applications in the bioremediation of BPA.

This review provides information on whether probiotics may play a role in effectively relieving the outcomes of BPA exposure; therefore, the aim was achieved. The findings provide valuable insights for the development of intervention strategies and could have practical applications in food formulation and probiotic supplementation.

PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023470061.