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Area of Science:

  • Adolescent health
  • Digital well-being
  • Longitudinal cohort studies

Background:

  • Social media's impact on adolescent well-being is debated, with heavy use linked to distress and abstinence to social isolation.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for public health initiatives targeting youth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the 3-year longitudinal associations between after-school social media use and adolescent well-being.
  • To model these associations within a repeated cross-sectional framework using a large cohort dataset.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal cohort study of Australian students in grades 4-12 (2019-2022).
  • Self-reported after-school social media use (none, moderate, highest) and well-being assessed via 8 validated indicators.
  • Mixed-effects logistic models were used for analysis, stratified by sex and adjusted for covariates.

Main Results:

  • A U-shaped association was observed between social media use and well-being.
  • Highest social media use increased odds of low well-being in younger adolescents (grades 7-9) and older girls.
  • No social media use increased odds of low well-being in older adolescents (grades 10-12), especially boys.

Conclusions:

  • Social media's association with adolescent well-being is nonlinear and varies by age and sex.
  • Both excessive use and abstinence can be detrimental to adolescent well-being.
  • Findings are observational and warrant cautious interpretation, highlighting the complexity of digital engagement and youth mental health.