Determinants of Non-Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Among Healthcare Workers: A cross-sectional study

Healthy eating habits are a key determinant of physical and mental well-being, particularly in the workplace, where individuals spend most of their daily lives. In hospital settings, the intense pace, shift work, and stressful environments often hinder the ability to maintain a balanced diet. Despite the recognized health benefits of the Mediterranean diet, adherence among healthcare workers remains suboptimal, revealing the need to explore the barriers behind this phenomenon.

This study aimed to identify the main factors leading to non-adherence to the Mediterranean diet among healthcare workers and to assess the impact of organizational, psychological, and social variables on dietary behaviour.

A cross-sectional study was carried out among overweight and obese employees of the Policlinico Umberto I Teaching Hospital and Sapienza University of Rome. Participants, who had previously discontinued a Mediterranean diet program, completed an ad hoc semi-structured questionnaire exploring four domains: dietary management, stress and motivation, professional support, and social context. Data were analysed to identify variables significantly associated with non-adherence.

Thirty-eight workers participated in the study. Non-adherence was significantly correlated with work-related stress (p<0.013), unrealistic goals (p<0.014), and a hectic lifestyle (p<0.035). Social isolation during lunch breaks also reduced motivation (p<0.049), while dietary rigidity was not perceived as a barrier.

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet among healthcare workers is mainly influenced by psychosocial and organizational factors rather than by the diet itself. Integrated interventions combining nutritional education, stress management, and supportive workplace environments are essential to promote lasting healthy behaviours and overall well-being.