The Kindred Reference Form: A New Paradigm for Assessing Facial Morphology in Patients With Deformities

Normative reference models are essential for assessing facial form, yet existing databases, stratified by ethnicity, age, and sex, have significant limitations, including incompleteness and lack of applicability for mixed-heritage patients. We propose a new paradigm, the Kindred Reference Form, which derives personalized reference morphology from a patient's nondeformed relatives. This framework provides an individualized normative standard overcoming the limitations of population datasets and proposing a new direction for patient-specific surgical planning in facial deformities.