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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

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Patient-centred care of cephalo-omphalopagus conjoined twins

Monica A Lutgendorf1,2, Hannah Mugford3, Dustin R Kocol2

  • 1Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, F Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA monica.lutgendorf@usuhs.edu.

BMJ Case Reports
|January 12, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Conjoined twins, a rare occurrence, require early prenatal diagnosis for optimal management. Patient-centered care and shared decision-making significantly improve outcomes for affected families.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Genetics
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Conjoined twins are rare, with cephalopagus twins being particularly uncommon.
  • Early diagnosis of conjoined twins is vital for maternal health, pregnancy management, and family counseling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of cephalo-omphalopagus conjoined twins.
  • To detail imaging findings, delivery considerations, and patient-centered care recommendations.
  • To highlight the importance of prenatal diagnosis and family involvement.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a patient diagnosed with cephalo-omphalopagus conjoined twins.
  • Anatomical ultrasound for diagnosis.
  • Counseling regarding prognosis and management options.
  • Caesarean delivery at 34+4 weeks gestation.

Main Results:

  • Prenatal diagnosis of cephalo-omphalopagus conjoined twins was achieved.
  • The twins presented with a complex congenital heart defect and a shared heart.
  • The family was able to spend time with the twins as desired post-delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal diagnosis of conjoined twins is beneficial for management.
  • Patient-centered care and shared decision-making enhance perceived outcomes for families facing complex twin pregnancies.

Keywords:
Congenital disordersEnd of life decisions (palliative care)Materno-fetal medicinePregnancy

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