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Published on: June 27, 2014

First-in-line 3D-printed intravaginal ring for nonhormonal contraception.

Sarah Anne Howard¹, Maimoona S Bhutta², Rima Janusziewicz³

¹Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Drug Delivery and Translational Research

|January 12, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel 3D-printed intravaginal ring for nonhormonal contraception. The ring co-delivers lactic acid and glycerol monolaurate, offering a flexible and effective long-acting contraceptive option.

Keywords:

3D printed IVR Long-acting delivery Nonhormonal contraception Sperm motility Spermicidal activity

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Health
Biomaterials Science
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Unintended pregnancies necessitate effective and acceptable contraceptive methods.
Long-acting contraceptives improve adherence and reliability.
Hormonal contraceptives are prevalent, but nonhormonal options like the copper intrauterine device (IUD) are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize a novel 3D-printed intravaginal ring (IVR) for co-delivery of nonhormonal contraceptive agents.
To achieve tunable release rates of lactic acid (LA) and glycerol monolaurate (GML) for extended contraception.
To investigate drug interactions and release mechanisms within the IVR matrix.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a next-generation 3D-printed IVR.
Incorporation and co-delivery of lactic acid (LA) and glycerol monolaurate (GML).
In vitro characterization of drug release profiles through alterations in ring properties and drug loading.

Main Results:

Demonstrated tunable in vitro release rates of LA and GML.
Achieved sustained release of both agents over 30 days or longer.
Explored drug-within-matrix interactions and elucidated loading/release mechanisms.

Conclusions:

The 3D-printed IVR platform offers a flexible approach for developing novel nonhormonal contraceptive methods.
Sustained co-delivery of LA and GML is feasible, providing a promising long-acting contraceptive option.
Further research into IVR drug delivery mechanisms can optimize contraceptive efficacy and patient compliance.