Multimodal Optical Imaging and Modulation with Simultaneous Electrophysiology Through Smart Dura in Non-Human...

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Translational Neurotechnology

Background:

• Multimodal neural interfaces are crucial for neuroscience and clinical applications.
• Existing technologies are limited to small animal models, hindering translation to larger brains like non-human primates (NHPs).
• There is a need for scalable neural interfaces that support both electrical and optical functionalities in NHPs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To demonstrate the multimodal capabilities of Smart Dura, a large-scale neural interface for NHPs.
• To showcase its integration with advanced optical imaging and manipulation techniques.
• To validate its utility for comprehensive brain dynamics investigations in NHPs.

Main Methods:

• Integration of Smart Dura with multiphoton imaging, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and intrinsic signal optical imaging (ISOI).
• Demonstration of optical manipulations including photothrombotic lesioning and optogenetics.
• In vivo fluorescence vascular imaging using two-photon and three-photon microscopy.

Main Results:

• Smart Dura enabled high-density electrophysiological recordings and broad optical accessibility in NHPs.
• In vivo vascular imaging achieved depths of 200 µm (two-photon) and 550 µm (three-photon).
• Simultaneous electrophysiology with OCTA and ISOI assessed vascular and neural dynamics; optogenetic neuromodulation covered a 20 mm cortical area.

Conclusions:

• Smart Dura provides multiscale information with enhanced spatiotemporal resolution in NHPs.
• This large-scale multimodal interface supports comprehensive investigations of brain dynamics.
• Smart Dura advances translational neurotechnology for potential human applications.