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Microbiome-generated antifolates.

Robert E London1

  • 1Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human microbiome converts p-aminobenzoate analogs into dihydrofolate analogs, which may cause antibiotic side effects. Naturally occurring pABA mimics also show potential antibiotic activity.

Keywords:
2′‐hydroxyfolatecompetitive substratesdihydopteroate synthase (DHPS)dihydropterin‐sulfonamide adductsmicrobiome‐generated folate analogspABA analogsp‐aminobenzenesulfonamidesp‐aminosalicylate

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The human microbiome synthesizes folate, essential for health.
  • Bacterial dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) is a key enzyme in folate biosynthesis and an antibiotic target.
  • Sulfonamides and p-aminosalicylate (PAS) are DHPS-targeting antibiotics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of DHPS-adducts formed by antibiotics in the human body.
  • To explore the potential side effects mediated by these adducts.
  • To identify naturally occurring p-aminobenzoate (pABA) analogs with potential antibiotic activity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of DHPS-adducts formed by sulfonamides and PAS.
  • Assessment of antifolate activity of these adducts in microorganisms.
  • Identification and characterization of natural pABA analogs.

Main Results:

  • Antibiotic-derived adducts, DHP-sulfonamides and 2'-hydroxyfolate metabolites, exhibit antifolate activity.
  • These adducts structurally resemble dihydrofolate (DHF), suggesting a mechanism for antibiotic side effects.
  • Naturally occurring pABA analogs with potential antibiotic properties were identified in carrots and bacteria.

Conclusions:

  • pABA analogs are converted into dihydrofolate analogs by the human microbiome, potentially causing antibiotic side effects.
  • Naturally occurring pABA mimics represent a class of compounds with likely antibiotic activity.