Camptothecin Nanoformulations: Recent Advances in Preparation, Bioactivities, and Clinical Perspectives

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology and Nanotechnology
• Drug Delivery Systems
• Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

• Camptothecin (CPT) exhibits potent anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities.
• Clinical use of CPT is limited by poor solubility, lactone ring instability, and systemic toxicity.
• Nanotechnology offers solutions to overcome CPT's pharmacokinetic and stability challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in Camptothecin (CPT) nanoformulation strategies and therapeutic applications.
• To analyze design principles and fabrication methods of CPT-loaded nanoformulations.
• To assess the impact of nanotechnology on CPT's bioavailability, efficacy, and clinical translation.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of CPT nanoformulation strategies, including liposomes, nanoparticles, and micelles.
• Analysis of preparation techniques and delivery platforms for CPT nanomedicines.
• Evaluation of recent clinical trial developments and patent landscape for CPT nanotherapeutics.

Main Results:

• Various nanotechnology-based delivery systems enhance CPT physicochemical stability and pharmacokinetic profiles.
• Nanoformulation strategies significantly improve CPT bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
• Recent advances focus on design principles for successful clinical translation of CPT nanomedicines.

Conclusions:

• Nanotechnology effectively addresses pharmacological barriers associated with Camptothecin (CPT).
• Optimized nanoformulations are crucial for enhancing CPT's therapeutic potential.
• This review provides insights for developing next-generation nanodrug delivery systems.