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Heterolayered Carbonized MXene/Polyimide Aerogel for Low-Reflection Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Shan Zhang^1,2, Chen-Ming Liang^1,2, Lu Zhou^1,2

¹State Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, Bioinspired Science Innovation Center, Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, People's Republic of China.

Nano-Micro Letters

|January 13, 2026

Summary

A novel carbonized MXene/polyimide aerogel offers efficient, multi-spectrum electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. This material achieves high EMI shielding effectiveness and low reflectivity across microwave, terahertz, and infrared spectra for advanced stealth applications.

Keywords:

Electromagnetic interference shielding Heterolayered High efficiency Low reflection Multi-spectrum

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electromagnetics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Next-generation communication and stealth technologies require advanced shielding materials.
Achieving high efficiency and low reflectivity across microwave, terahertz, and infrared spectra is challenging.
Existing materials often struggle with multi-spectrum compatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel aerogel material for efficient, multi-spectrum electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding.
To investigate a carbonized MXene/polyimide (C-MXene/PI) aerogel with a unique structural design.
To enable simultaneous high shielding efficiency and low reflectivity across various frequency bands.

Main Methods:

Construction of a C-MXene/PI aerogel with a hierarchically anisotropic structure and stepwise conductivity gradients.
Characterization of electromagnetic wave propagation through the material's architecture.
Evaluation of EMI shielding effectiveness and reflection coefficients in X-band and terahertz frequencies.
Assessment of infrared stealth capabilities by measuring thermal conductivity and emissivity.

Main Results:

The C-MXene/PI aerogel demonstrated an average EMI shielding effectiveness of 91.0 dB in the X-band with a reflection coefficient of 0.40.
In the terahertz band, average EMI shielding reached 66.2 dB with a reflection coefficient of 0.33.
The material exhibited low thermal conductivity and reduced infrared emissivity, providing effective infrared stealth (2-16 μm).

Conclusions:

The developed C-MXene/PI aerogel effectively shields electromagnetic interference across multiple spectra.
The unique hierarchical structure and conductivity gradient are key to its multi-spectrum shielding performance.
This study presents a viable strategy for creating low-reflectivity, multi-spectrum compatible shielding materials for advanced applications.