BELE: Blur Equivalent Linearized Estimator

In Full-Reference Image Quality Assessment (FR-IQA), subjective Mean Opinion Scores (MOS) reflect human retinal perception, whereas objective metrics operate on the displayed image. Bridging these domains requires parametric mappings that are sensitive to viewing distance. This paper introduces Blur-Equivalent Linearized Estimator (BELE), a lightweight and perceptually interpretable FR-IQA model that disentangles the impact of strong edge degradations from that of texture distortions. BELE computes two indices: a blur index derived from a linearized estimator of Positional Fisher Information loss on strong edges, explicitly accounting for viewing distance; and a texture index based on a Complex Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (CPSNR) that captures distortions affecting fine spatial details in textured regions. All distortion estimates are combined via low-order polynomial fitting, with a focalization term applied in this final stage to replace the VQEG rectification, thereby eliminating its limitations such as overfitting and lack of interpretability. BELE is entirely training-free, requiring only five interpretable parameters, and achieves very low computational complexity. Extensive experiments on six benchmark datasets demonstrate that BELE attains competitive or superior correlation with MOS compared to both classical and deep learning-based FR-IQA methods, while offering strong generalization, real-time feasibility, and minimal resource demands.