Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:17

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

2.5K
The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
2.5K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

2.9K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
2.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Subnanometer Ru Sites on CeO<sub>2</sub> Oxygen Vacancy Clusters: A Highly Efficient and Durable Catalyst for Ammonia Decomposition.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Ionic Cluster Catalyst Assembly Strategy for Ethylene Polymerization and Copolymerization.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Surface BO<sub>3</sub> Configuration in Li-Rich Cathode Materials Enabling Highly-Stable Anionic Redox Reactions.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Monomer conversion enables chemical recycling of high-performance plastics and carbon fiber composites without monomer separation.

Materials horizons·2026
Same author

Ethylene (Co)Polymerization Catalyzed by α‑Diimine Nickel Catalysts Bearing Ether Substituents.

Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.)·2026
Same author

Steering CO<sub>2</sub> Electroreduction to Methane via Secondary-Sphere Noncovalent Interactions in NHC-Protected Copper Clusters.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Proton Transfer Shuttle Mediated Dormant-Active Balance for Accelerated and Controlled Polymerization of N-Carboxyanhydrides.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Chloride-Regulated Depolymerization of Aluminosilicate Networks for Fast Ion Transport Compliant Interfaces in Sustainable All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Asymmetric Zn─N<sub>2</sub>O-Coordinated Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks for Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Production and Wastewater Purification.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Photocatalytic Cascade Nitrogen Fixation for Selective Purification of Methane-Rich Coal-Bed Gas Over a Bimetallic MOF.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Scalable Art-Inspired Tessellated Covalent Organic Framework Membranes Enable Highly Selective Ion Separation.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Layered Copper-Anthraquinone Coordination Polymer Cathode Leveraging Dual-Redox Sites and Facilitated Ion Diffusion for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators
14:42

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Published on: April 25, 2020

8.7K

Photo-, Thermal-, and Electro-Responsive Polyolefin-Based Actuators.

Quan Wang1, Haoxiang Sun1, Chen Zou1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|January 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel polyolefin-based actuators using in situ polymerization for enhanced mechanical strength and rapid stimuli-responsiveness. These cost-effective materials offer high work capacity for soft robotics and artificial muscles.

Keywords:
ActuatorsPolymerizationPolyolefinsStimuli‐responsive

More Related Videos

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
10:16

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Published on: January 8, 2016

14.3K
Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
10:32

Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

Published on: February 1, 2016

34.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators
14:42

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Published on: April 25, 2020

8.7K
Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
10:16

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Published on: January 8, 2016

14.3K
Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
10:32

Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

Published on: February 1, 2016

34.6K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Stimuli-responsive polymers are key in soft robotics and artificial muscles.
  • Polyolefins, though scalable and low-cost, are underutilized in actuator fabrication.
  • Existing methods struggle with phase separation in polymer composites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop multifunctional polyolefin-based actuators using an in situ polymerization strategy.
  • To overcome phase separation issues common in traditional polymer blending.
  • To achieve exceptional mechanical strength, rapid stimuli-responsiveness, and high work capacity.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of polyolefin-based actuators via in situ ethylene polymerization.
  • Development of PANI/CNTs-COOH composite fillers as catalytic supports for nickel catalysts.
  • Achieving uniform dispersion of functional fillers within a branched polyethylene matrix.

Main Results:

  • Composites exhibited a maximum tensile stress of 135 MPa after training.
  • Tunable electrical conductivity and high photothermal conversion efficiency were achieved.
  • Materials demonstrated self-healing and triple-stimuli-responsive shape-memory behavior.
  • Actuators showed programmable actuation with a work capacity of 470.4 J kg⁻¹.

Conclusions:

  • The in situ polymerization strategy successfully created advanced polyolefin-based actuators.
  • These actuators possess superior mechanical and responsive properties compared to traditional materials.
  • The developed materials hold significant potential for soft robotics and artificial muscle applications.