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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Xuemei Zeng1, Rebecca A Deek2, Michel N Nafash1

  • 1University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|January 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma biomarkers like p-tau217 show strong potential for predicting cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (ADRD). These blood tests can identify individuals at risk, aiding early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Research
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Plasma biomarkers show promise for detecting Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementia (ADRD) brain pathology.
  • The precise relationship between plasma biomarkers and longitudinal cognitive decline has remained unclear.
  • A large memory clinic cohort with extensive longitudinal data was utilized to investigate this relationship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the predictive value of baseline plasma biomarkers for cognitive decline over nearly three decades.
  • To compare the efficacy of different plasma biomarkers (p-tau181, p-tau217, BD-tau, GFAP, NfL) in predicting cognitive decline.
  • To assess the utility of these biomarkers in identifying individuals at risk for cognitive decline, including those initially without dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited participants from the University of Pittsburgh Alzheimer's Disease Research Center.
  • Collected blood samples and performed cognitive assessments (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] Sum of Boxes) cross-sectionally and annually for up to 29 years.
  • Measured plasma levels of p-tau181, p-tau217, BD-tau, GFAP, and NfL using SIMOA assays; employed linear/logistic regression and Fisher's exact tests for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Higher levels of all measured plasma biomarkers were associated with worse cognitive function (CDR scores) cross-sectionally.
  • Plasma p-tau181 and GFAP best predicted the rate of cognitive decline over various time intervals (0-2, 2-5, 5-10, >10 years).
  • Plasma p-tau217 demonstrated superior ability to predict the occurrence of cognitive decline within 2, 5, or 10 years (AUCs up to 0.810), particularly in individuals without baseline dementia. Cognitively stable individuals had lower biomarker levels compared to those who progressed.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma biomarkers, especially p-tau217, are valuable tools for predicting cognitive decline in individuals at risk for AD/ADRD.
  • These blood-based markers can identify individuals progressing towards dementia, even from a cognitively normal state.
  • The findings support the use of plasma biomarkers for personalized clinical management and improved patient outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases.