Advanced therapies in pediatric genetic diseases

Advances in the diagnosis of rare genetic diseases and growing knowledge of the genes that cause them have allowed the exponential development of advanced therapies. Today, there is a therapeutic armamentarium that, while limited, was unthinkable years ago and is constantly evolving. Given the complexity of their mechanisms of action, the feasibility of clinical trials and the authorization by regulatory agencies, advanced therapies need to be investigated for the management and follow-up of pediatric patients. Ongoing pharmacovigilance of these therapies is also necessary to evaluate patient responses and outcomes. At this stage, novel phenotypes of disease emerge that had never been treated before. Prognostic factors and specific indications are also established, underscoring the importance of assessing each patient based on their particular characteristics, in adherence to the principles of the personalized medicine approach. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive summary of concepts and strategies as an introduction to the topic of advanced therapies for genetic diseases, taking into account their broad scope and their ongoing evolution and advancement.