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Differential impacts of short-term PM2.5 constituent exposure on type 2 diabetes mellitus: a nationwide

Yi Guo1, Ziwei Peng1, Yuan Liu1

  • 1School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.

Science China. Life Sciences
|January 14, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Short-term exposure to air pollutants like organic matter (OM) and sulfate (SO42-) is linked to increased type 2 diabetes risk. Targeted pollution control can aid diabetes prevention efforts.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Associations between particulate matter (PM2.5) components and diabetes are unclear.
  • Previous studies lack comprehensive analysis of individual PM2.5 constituents' effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the independent and joint impacts of PM2.5 constituents on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hospitalization.
  • To identify specific PM2.5 constituents contributing to T2DM risk.

Main Methods:

  • Nationwide case-crossover study involving 153 hospitals in Chinese mainland.
  • Satellite-based models estimated daily concentrations of five PM2.5 constituents: BC, OM, SO42-, NO3-, NH4+.
  • Employed single-constituent analysis, inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting (IPTW), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression.

Main Results:

  • Single-constituent analysis showed significant associations between all five PM2.5 constituents and T2DM risk.
  • After IPTW adjustment, only organic matter (OM) and sulfate (SO42-) remained significantly associated with T2DM.
  • WQS regression identified OM and SO42- as the primary contributors to T2DM risk.

Conclusions:

  • Organic matter (OM) and sulfate (SO42-) are key PM2.5 constituents linked to T2DM hospitalization.
  • Findings underscore the need for specific air pollution control strategies to prevent type 2 diabetes.
Keywords:
PM2.5 constituentscase-crossover studycombined exposuremulti-center studytype 2 diabetes mellitus

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