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Related Concept Videos

Parental Care00:55

Parental Care

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Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
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Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species, like annual plants, have only one reproductive episode in their lifetimes and consequently have short lifespans. Iteroparous species, by contrast, have many reproductive events during their lifetimes but have relatively few offspring. These two...
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Migration00:53

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Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
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Ovarian Cycle01:27

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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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The Menstrual Cycle01:19

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The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
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On seasonality and maternity.

Lindsay Edouard1

  • 1Editor, African Journal of Reproductive Health, Port Louis, Mauritius.

African Journal of Reproductive Health
|January 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Seasonal variations impact human health and healthcare services. Understanding these time-related patterns, including climate change effects and the weekend effect, is crucial for improving maternal health outcomes and care access.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Reproductive Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Historical observations link seasonality to human health, evolving into theories on climate change impacts.
  • Reproductive epidemiology reveals time-related variations in maternal health services, influenced by seasons and access.
  • Healthcare delivery faces challenges like the 'weekend effect,' impacting care quality and access.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the influence of seasonality and other time-related factors on maternal health services.
  • To investigate how climate change and seasonal variations affect human health and healthcare.
  • To identify challenges in healthcare access and quality related to temporal variations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on seasonality, climate change, and reproductive epidemiology.
Keywords:
maternityseasonalityseasonality and maternity

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  • Analysis of time-related variations in maternal health outcome studies.
  • Examination of institutional and population-based data for temporal health trends.

    • Main Results:

    • Seasonal patterns, including rainy and dry seasons, demonstrably influence healthcare dynamics.
    • Time-related variations, such as the weekend effect, present challenges to healthcare access and quality.
    • Climate change is increasingly recognized for its role in modulating health outcomes over time.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding seasonality and temporal variations is vital for optimizing maternal healthcare.
    • Addressing climate change and seasonal health impacts requires integrated public health strategies.
    • Further research into time-based healthcare variations can yield valuable insights for service improvement.