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Recent Advances in Forensic Medicine at the Horizon of Omics Sciences and New Biomarkers for Postmortem Interval
Ioana Ruxandra Turlea1,2, George Cristian Curca1,2
1Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
Objectives:
To present recent advances in forensic sciences with omics sciences and new biomarkers for postmortem interval (PMI) estimation.
Materials And Methods:
We conducted a narrative review screening PubMed and Scopus databases in the last 10 years (2015-2025) with the following keywords in the title and abstract: "postmortem interval" OR "post-mortem interval" AND "proteomics" OR "proteomic" OR "metabolomics" OR "metabolomic" OR "transcriptomic" OR transcriptomics" OR microRNA" OR "microRNAs" OR "lipidomic".
Results:
Conventional methods of postmortem interval estimation are presented. Some of the most important studies and molecular techniques in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, old and new biomarkers for postmortem interval estimation are summarized. Single-omics or multi-omics, critical issues like data reproducibility and interpretation, judicial validity according to Daubert standard and ethical issues of PMI research are discussed.
Conclusions:
Postmortem interval estimation continues to be one of the most disputed issues of forensic medicine. Conventional methods for PMI estimation still offer a solid bench for practical means. As single-omics and multi-omics research continues to progress, we will likely discover new biomarkers and innovative techniques. Efforts will focus on identifying biomarkers that can deliver reliable and predictable outcomes, thereby facilitating their general acceptance and admissibility in legal proceedings.
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