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Formation of Complex Ions

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites

Published on: September 29, 2020

Dendrite-Free Zn Anodes via Synergistic Cosolvent-Mediated Solvation Regulation and Polyhydroxy-Induced Interface

Xinxin Xing^1,2, Kai Qi², Wenjing Zhang^1,2

¹School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|January 15, 2026

Summary

This study introduces a dual regulation strategy using 1,2-propanediol and D-sorbitol to stabilize zinc anodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), enhancing safety and performance.

Keywords:

additive aqueous zinc‐ion batteries co‐solvent solvation structure

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Preparation and Use of Photocatalytically Active Segmented Ag|ZnO and Coaxial TiO2-Ag Nanowires Made by Templated Electrodeposition

Published on: May 2, 2014

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) offer safe, abundant, and low-cost energy storage.
Challenges include zinc dendrites, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion, hindering commercialization.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a stable zinc anode for AZIBs using a "dual regulation" electrolyte strategy.
To improve the safety, durability, and low-temperature performance of AZIBs.

Main Methods:

Introducing 1,2-propanediol (PG) as a co-solvent to modify Zn²⁺ solvation structure and suppress hydrogen evolution.
Adding D-sorbitol (DS) to promote preferential Zn²⁺ deposition on the (002) crystal plane for enhanced interfacial stability.

Main Results:

Zn//Zn symmetric cells achieved 3300 hours of cycling stability.
Zn//Cu half cells showed 99.74% Coulombic efficiency over 1400 cycles.
Zn//PANI full cells retained 81.5% capacity after 1500 cycles at -20°C and 1 A g^-1.

Conclusions:

The dual regulation strategy effectively stabilizes the zinc anode and improves electrolyte performance.
This approach offers a promising pathway for developing high-performance, safe, and durable AZIBs.