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    We developed an open-source, air-driven MRI phantom for precise evaluation of motion artifacts in phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) sequences. This tool ensures reproducible assessments, improving accuracy in flow quantification for clinical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Biophysics
    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging

    Background:

    • Accurate evaluation of motion sensitivity in MRI sequences is crucial for reliable flow quantification.
    • Existing methods for assessing displacement artifacts and velocity/acceleration sensitivity in phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) can be limited in reproducibility and scope.
    • Bridging the gap between computational simulations and experimental validation in MRI research requires standardized tools.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a fully open-source, air-driven, bidirectional rotational MRI phantom.
    • To enable accurate and reproducible evaluation of displacement artifacts for any MRI sequence.
    • To assess velocity field and acceleration sensitivity for PC-MRI sequences with analytically defined motion.

    Main Methods:

    • A rotational phantom was bidirectionally driven using controlled airflow.
    • Polyvinylpyrrolidone-water mixture filled the rotating cylinder, monitored by a laser tachometer.
    • Vendor and open-source PC-MRI sequences were tested on a 3T MRI system, with results compared against ground truth data.

    Main Results:

    • Displacement errors were approximately 10% radial stretch at physiological velocities.
    • Apparent acceleration sensitivity was measured at 5% of venc.
    • Excellent agreement was observed between Bloch simulations and experimental results.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed phantom provides a precise and repeatable method for evaluating MRI sequence motion sensitivity.
    • It serves as a potential reference standard, with suggestions for reporting sequence timing parameters to enhance comparability.
    • This framework standardizes PC-MRI validation, improving quality assurance and flow quantification accuracy.