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Association between mouth opening pattern and facial skeletal pattern: a retrospective analysis.
Samilla Pontes Braga1, Rosaria Bucci2, Ana Claudia de Castro Ferreira Conti3
1Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Prótese, Grupo de Dor Orofacial de Bauru (Bauru/SP, Brasil).
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics
|January 15, 2026
Summary
Male individuals and those with a hypodivergent or normodivergent vertical growth pattern exhibit greater maximum mouth opening (MMO). Conversely, hyperdivergent individuals show reduced mouth opening, highlighting the influence of sex and facial skeletal patterns on MMO.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
- Human Anatomy and Physiology
Background:
- Facial skeletal patterns significantly influence craniofacial development and function.
- Understanding the relationship between skeletal morphology and functional parameters like mouth opening is crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between mouth opening patterns and facial skeletal patterns in a southern Italian population.
- To determine if sex and vertical growth patterns correlate with maximum mouth opening (MMO).
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 415 subjects.
- Classification of sagittal skeletal patterns (Class I, II, III) using ANPg angle.
- Classification of vertical growth patterns (hypodivergent, normodivergent, hyperdivergent) using SNGoGn angle.
- Analysis of maximum mouth opening (MMO) records.
Main Results:
- Mean MMO was 52.1 mm.
- Significant differences in MMO were observed based on sex (P=0.01) and vertical growth pattern (P=0.02).
- Men exhibited greater MMO than women; hyperdivergent individuals had less MMO compared to hypodivergent and normodivergent individuals.
Conclusions:
- Sex and vertical facial skeletal patterns appear to be significant influencing factors on the amount of maximum mouth opening.
- Findings suggest that cephalometric analysis can provide insights into functional limitations related to mouth opening.
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