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Monomer Concentration Regulation Enables Highly Cross-Linked Polyamide Membranes for Robust High-Temperature

Wan-Ting Lin1, Chang Liu1, Xiao-Wei Luo1

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials and Technologies, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 15, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study enhances thermal stability in polymer nanofiltration (NF) membranes by controlling polyamide network structure. Optimized membranes maintain high separation performance at elevated temperatures, crucial for industrial applications.

Keywords:
high-temperature separationinterfacial polymerizationnanofiltration membranepolyamide networkstructure stability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Membrane Science

Background:

  • High-temperature separation presents a significant challenge for polymer nanofiltration (NF) membranes.
  • Improving the thermal stability of polyamide NF membranes is essential for their industrial application.
  • The influence of polyamide membrane compactness on high-temperature performance requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of polyamide membrane compactness on structural changes and separation performance at high temperatures.
  • To develop a straightforward concentration regulation strategy for enhancing thermal stability in piperazine-trimesoyl chloride (PIP-TMC) interfacial polymerization.
  • To precisely tune the polyamide network structure and high-temperature NF performance by controlling monomer concentration and ratios.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized piperazine-trimesoyl chloride (PIP-TMC) interfacial polymerization with controlled monomer concentrations and ratios.
  • Fabricated polyamide layers with varying PIP/TMC ratios (e.g., 30:1.5 vs. 2:1.5) to control cross-linking degree.
  • Employed molecular dynamics simulations to analyze polyamide network behavior at elevated temperatures.

Main Results:

  • A polyamide layer fabricated with a PIP/TMC ratio of 30:1.5 showed a higher cross-linking degree compared to a 2:1.5 ratio.
  • The optimized NF membrane demonstrated exceptional thermal stability, maintaining >98.5% MgSO4 rejection at 85 °C.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that denser polyamide networks exhibit reduced segmental motion and more stable pore structures at high temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • Concentration regulation is an effective strategy for enhancing the intrinsic thermal stability of polyamide NF membranes.
  • Denser polyamide networks offer improved structural integrity and separation performance at elevated temperatures.
  • The findings provide critical insights into polyamide segment evolution under high-temperature conditions, guiding future membrane design.