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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Distinctive Capillary Action by Micro-channels in Bone-like Templates can Enhance Recruitment of Cells for Restoration of Large Bony Defect
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Adaptive smart hydrogels driving precision bone healing in pathological contexts.

Hongkai Huang1, Tianhua Xiao2, Ying Li1

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|January 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Adaptive smart hydrogels offer dynamic, responsive solutions for complex bone defects, overcoming limitations of traditional therapies. These intelligent materials enable precise drug delivery and immunomodulation for enhanced bone healing.

Keywords:
Adaptive smart hydrogelsBone regenerationDynamic regulatory mechanismsPathological microenvironments

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Pathological bone defects present complex challenges due to hostile microenvironments (inflammation, hypoxia, acidosis).
  • Conventional bone repair strategies using static scaffolds and passive drug release are often inadequate for precise, adaptive interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review adaptive smart hydrogels for bone repair, focusing on their dynamic regulatory mechanisms and applications.
  • To highlight the role of these hydrogels in addressing specific pathological bone conditions and therapeutic goals.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of adaptive hydrogel mechanisms and applications in bone defect treatment.
  • Discussion of physical and chemical triggers influencing hydrogel responsiveness (e.g., light, pH, enzymes).

Main Results:

  • Adaptive hydrogels enable spatiotemporally controlled drug delivery, degradation, immunomodulation, and cellular regulation.
  • These hydrogels show promise in treating diabetic bone defects, bone tumors, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and periodontitis through precision actions.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive smart hydrogels represent a paradigm shift in bone repair, offering tailored therapeutic actions.
  • Future directions include personalized designs, multimodal integration, and AI-assisted development for accelerated clinical translation.