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Adaptive smart hydrogels driving precision bone healing in pathological contexts.

Hongkai Huang1, Tianhua Xiao2, Ying Li1

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|January 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Adaptive smart hydrogels offer dynamic, responsive solutions for complex bone defects, overcoming limitations of traditional therapies. These intelligent materials enable precise drug delivery and immunomodulation for enhanced bone healing.

Keywords:
Adaptive smart hydrogelsBone regenerationDynamic regulatory mechanismsPathological microenvironments

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Pathological bone defects present complex challenges due to hostile microenvironments (inflammation, hypoxia, acidosis).
  • Conventional bone repair strategies using static scaffolds and passive drug release are often inadequate for precise, adaptive interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review adaptive smart hydrogels for bone repair, focusing on their dynamic regulatory mechanisms and applications.
  • To highlight the role of these hydrogels in addressing specific pathological bone conditions and therapeutic goals.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of adaptive hydrogel mechanisms and applications in bone defect treatment.
  • Discussion of physical and chemical triggers influencing hydrogel responsiveness (e.g., light, pH, enzymes).

Main Results:

  • Adaptive hydrogels enable spatiotemporally controlled drug delivery, degradation, immunomodulation, and cellular regulation.
  • These hydrogels show promise in treating diabetic bone defects, bone tumors, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and periodontitis through precision actions.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive smart hydrogels represent a paradigm shift in bone repair, offering tailored therapeutic actions.
  • Future directions include personalized designs, multimodal integration, and AI-assisted development for accelerated clinical translation.