[HIV in 2025 : innovations, persistent vulnerabilities, and a future under strain]

In 2025, major advances in HIV prevention and treatment, including long-acting therapies and pre-exposure prophylaxis, were incorporated into the new WHO guidelines. Despite this progress, a concerning proportion of patients still enter care at an advanced stage of infection, putting them at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This situation may be further exacerbated by the sharp reduction in international funding, particularly the cuts to the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, which threatens the continuity of HIV programs in resource-limited settings. This article contrasts recent medical innovations with current clinical realities and discusses the structural efforts required to safeguard progress and achieve the 2030 targets.