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Comorbidity and modifiable risk factors in multiple sclerosis

Yao Zhang1, Ruth Dobson2,3, Gavin Giovannoni4

  • 1Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.

Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders
|January 16, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Comorbidities significantly impact multiple sclerosis (MS) progression. Managing MS effectively requires addressing these co-occurring conditions and their modifiable risk factors alongside disease-modifying therapies for improved patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Multi-system comorbidities are prevalent in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).
  • Comorbidities, defined as conditions separate from MS, significantly affect disease presentation and progression.
  • Modifiable factors like hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol use, and obesity are considered MS comorbidities due to their impact on MS and vascular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies on modifiable risk factors for comorbidities in MS.
  • To examine the influence of multi-system comorbidities on MS outcomes.
  • To highlight the importance of managing comorbidities and their risk factors in MS care.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of cohort studies and clinical trials.
  • Analysis of research investigating modifiable risk factors and their association with MS comorbidities.
  • Synthesis of findings on the impact of comorbidities on MS progression and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Comorbidities are associated with adverse effects on multiple sclerosis.
  • Modifiable risk factors contribute to the development of comorbidities in PwMS.
  • Effective management of comorbidities and risk factors is crucial for improving MS prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive MS management necessitates addressing comorbidities and modifiable risk factors.
  • Interventions targeting comorbidities and risk factors are vital for enhancing MS prognosis.
  • Integrated care approaches are essential for optimizing outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis and comorbidities.
Keywords:
comorbiditymultiple sclerosisrisk factor

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