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Lenacapavir allosterically remodels the HIV-1 capsid.

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    Lenacapavir (LEN), an HIV-1 capsid inhibitor, disrupts the viral capsid's structure by altering subunit interactions and increasing brittleness. This mechanism explains how LEN impairs HIV-1 replication for potential pre-exposure prophylaxis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Structural biology
    • Virology
    • Drug discovery

    Background:

    • Lenacapavir (LEN) is a potent, long-acting HIV-1 capsid inhibitor with potential for pre-exposure prophylaxis.
    • The precise mechanism by which LEN disrupts the HIV-1 capsid has remained unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the molecular mechanism of action for lenacapavir (LEN) in disrupting the HIV-1 capsid structure.

    Main Methods:

    • Allosteric modulation analysis
    • Analysis of capsid subunit interactions
    • Assessment of capsid material properties

    Main Results:

    • LEN acts as an allosteric modulator, causing stepwise disruption of the fullerene cone capsid architecture.
    • LEN alters non-covalent bonding between capsid subunits, reducing lattice curvature and increasing capsid brittleness.
    • These molecular changes impair the HIV-1 capsid's integrity and the virus's replication capacity.

    Conclusions:

    • LEN's mechanism involves remodeling the HIV-1 capsid structure through allosteric modulation.
    • Understanding LEN's molecular interactions provides a rationale for its antiviral activity against HIV-1.