The Clinical Application Value of Blood Lipid Levels in Multiple Myeloma

This study aimed to investigate the significance of serum lipid concentration in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) at different clinical stages and types, and the relationship between the change of serum lipid concentration before and after treatment, and to evaluate the application value of serum lipid index in MM disease.

Retrospectively, 130 patients who visited Shaoxing People's Hospital from July 2022 through July 2024, diagnosed with MM and meeting the inclusion criteria, were collected as the MM group. Additionally, 130 healthy individuals were collected as the NMM group. The study examined indicators such as triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in both groups.

Statistical analysis showed that TG, TC, HDL, and LDL concentrations in the MM group were lower than those in the NMM group (p < 0.05). In ISS staging, TC, LDL, and HDL concentrations were higher in stage I patients than in stage II and III patients, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), and the difference in TG concentrations was statistically nonsignificant (p > 0.05). Among the common clinical subtypes, the TC and LDL concentrations of patients with light chain type were higher than those of patients with IgG type and IgA type, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05); the TC and LDL concentrations of patients with IgG type were higher than those of patients with IgA type, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05); and the differences between the different subtypes of the rest of the indicators were statistically nonsignificant (p > 0.05). In the remission group, MM patients showed increased TC, TG, HDL, and LDL concentrations after treatment compared to before, with statistically significant differences.

The serum TG, TC, HDL, and LDL concentrations of MM patients were lower than those of normal controls. The serum TC, HDL, and LDL concentrations of MM patients negatively correlated with the clinical stage of the disease (ISS stage), suggesting that the concentration of blood lipid can be used as a reference index for the clinical stage of multiple myeloma. Serum lipid indicators showed statistically significant differences among different protein subtypes (IgA, IgG, light chain type) in MM, indicating that combining lipid concentrations with MM clinical staging can help assess the progression of the disease. In the remission group, serum lipid concentrations in MM patients increased after treatment, which is significant for the monitoring of treatment efficacy in MM.