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A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Published on: May 6, 2018
Tumor microenvironment in bone sarcomas: Implications for immunotherapy and emerging therapeutic vulnerabilities
Wentao Li1, Lijun Lv1, Yibin Jin1
1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Baiyin, Gansu 730900, P.R. China.
None:
Bone sarcomas remain lethal despite multimodal therapy, primarily because the mineralized, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes chemo‑ and immune‑resistance. Integrating single‑cell and spatial omics across osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and chondrosarcoma delineates subtype‑specific TME archetypes dominated by M2 macrophages, exhausted T cells and a stiff extracellular matrix. Mechanistic dissection reveals tractable vulnerabilities, myeloid reprogramming, extracellular matrix modulation and metabolic and epigenetic checkpoints, that can be targeted with bone‑selective delivery systems and biomarker‑driven combination trials to convert therapeutic failure into durable remission. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to synthesize the latest single‑cell, spatial and functional data to map bone‑sarcoma TME heterogeneity, dissect resistance mechanisms and propose integrated, biomarker‑guided therapeutic strategies that can be translated into treatments.
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