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Related Experiment Video

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Optimizing ethephon-mediated sucrose allocation to increase kernel number in maize.

Ping Zhang1, Yating Zhao2, Fangfang Ning3

  • 1Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, 322100, China.

The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology
|January 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Delaying ethephon application in maize (Zea mays L.) enhances kernel number by improving assimilate allocation to the ear. This strategy optimizes sucrose partitioning and utilization, boosting grain yield.

Keywords:
SnRK1Zea maysethephonkernel numbersucrosetrehalose 6‐phosphate

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Agricultural Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Delaying ethephon application increases maize kernel number via enhanced assimilate allocation, but mechanisms are unclear.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for optimizing maize yield through plant growth regulator timing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physiological and molecular effects of delayed ethephon application on maize kernel development.
  • To elucidate how ethephon timing influences dry matter accumulation, partitioning, and carbohydrate metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Ethephon applied at 8- to 15-leaf stages (E8-E15) to maize plants.
  • Physiological measurements of internode elongation, dry matter, and kernel set.
  • RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis at silking and 8 days post-silking.

Main Results:

  • Delayed ethephon application (E14-E15) significantly shortened internodes and increased whole-plant dry matter.
  • Ear dry matter increased, leading to higher kernel number (+8.3%) and grain yield (+7.4%) without affecting spikelet number.
  • Elevated sucrose and trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) in the ear at silking enhanced assimilate import and utilization.

Conclusions:

  • Delayed ethephon application optimizes pre-flowering sucrose partitioning to the ear by retarding stem growth.
  • Enhanced T6P accumulation and suppressed sucrose-non-fermenting1-related protein kinase (SnRK1) activity improve ear sink capacity.
  • Post-flowering sucrose utilization is promoted, leading to increased maize kernel number and yield.