Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 18, 2026
Author Spotlight: Creating a Versatile Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model Relevant for Both Male and Female Mice
Published on: October 13, 2023
Sex differences in the rate and factors for elevated depressive symptoms in multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel
Hayley Riel1,2, Francisca Lois Jacobo1, Charles N Bernstein1
1University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Abstract:
In immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID), females report elevated depressive symptoms more frequently than males. We examined clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with elevated depressive symptoms in IMID and whether endorsement of individual depressive symptoms differed by sex. This study included 652 individuals with an IMID from Manitoba, Canada. Depressive symptoms were measured using the PHQ-9 and HADS-D, with IMID-specific cut-offs to identify elevated depression. Elevated depressive symptoms were present in 234 participants (36%). Females did not show higher odds of elevated depression than males. Males were more likely to endorse the HADS-D item on cheerfulness. Smoking and anxiety symptoms, but not sex, were associated with elevated depressive symptoms. These findings may help identify high-risk individuals with an IMID and comorbid elevated depressive symptoms and guide intervention.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Depressive Disorders: Etiology
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
01:17Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
01:27Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia
01:17Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
01:30Stress and Mental Health
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
01:30Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...