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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
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High-resolution spin-polarized scanning tunneling spectroscopy using a functionalized superconducting tip.

T Machida1

  • 1RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.

Microscopy (Oxford, England)
|January 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Superconducting tips, including Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) tips, enable atomic-scale electron spin detection. These spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (SP-STM/STS) techniques offer high spin sensitivity for exploring quantum phenomena.

Keywords:
Yu–Shiba–Rusinov stateZeeman effectsquantum phase transitionscanning tunneling microscopespin-polarized tunneling spectroscopysuperconducting STM tip

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Materials Science
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Atomic-scale electron spin detection is crucial for condensed matter physics.
  • Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (SP-STM/STS) provides atomic resolution of spin-resolved local density-of-states.
  • Understanding spin-dependent phenomena requires advanced spin detection capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in SP-STM/STS utilizing functionalized superconducting tips.
  • To highlight the application of conventional superconducting tips and Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) tips.
  • To emphasize the potential of these techniques for probing emergent quantum phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing conventional superconducting tips for SP-STM/STS.
  • Employing Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) tips, featuring a single magnetic atom at the apex of a superconducting tip.
  • Leveraging nearly fully spin-polarized tips for precise sample spin polarization detection.

Main Results:

  • Both conventional and YSR superconducting tips demonstrate high spin polarization.
  • These tips enable precise detection of sample spin polarization at the atomic scale.
  • The reviewed techniques offer unprecedented sensitivity for advanced measurements.

Conclusions:

  • Functionalized superconducting tips significantly enhance SP-STM/STS capabilities.
  • YSR tips represent a powerful tool for atomic-scale spin manipulation and detection.
  • These advanced SP-STM/STS methods are vital for investigating quantum phenomena like Majorana zero modes in topological superconductors.