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Related Concept Videos

Bricks01:14

Bricks

400
Bricks, a fundamental building material, are crafted from fired clay and exhibit a range of shapes, sizes, and colors. The production process starts with extracting local clay or shale, which is then crushed, ground, and screened for a fine texture. The refined material is blended with water, creating a pliable mixture that can be formed into bricks using one of three processes: soft mud, dry press, or stiff mud methods.
Soft mud bricks are shaped in molds with high moisture content and can be...
400
Brick Cutting Techniques01:08

Brick Cutting Techniques

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Brick-cutting techniques involve various tools and methods to shape bricks for construction. A mason's hammer with a chisel-pointed end is used for basic shaping through sharp, precise strikes. For more complex shapes requiring higher precision, a power saw with a water-cooled diamond blade is used.
Cut bricks are categorized by size. Bricks cut to half their original length are called half-bats, while those cut to three-fourths their length are known as three-fourth bats.
Special types of...
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Brick Masonry01:12

Brick Masonry

455
Brick masonry uses bricks as the building blocks and involves building walls from individual bricks laid in mortar. The basic building block of brick masonry is the wythe, a vertical layer of bricks with a thickness of one brick. Within a wythe, bricks can be laid in various courses or patterns, with the most common being the stretcher course, where bricks are laid with their long edge horizontal and face parallel to the wall.
For thicker walls, multiple wythes are bonded together using...
455
Brick Sizes01:21

Brick Sizes

297
Brick sizing plays a crucial role in construction, influencing both the aesthetics and structural integrity of buildings. Bricks are defined by three dimensions: width, thickness, and length. They are commonly designed to fit modular measurements, typically in multiples of 4 inches or 8 inches in width, to facilitate uniform construction and compatibility with other building materials.
Modular bricks are the most common type and are sized to include the mortar joint, which is essential for...
297
Brick Classifications01:16

Brick Classifications

366
Bricks, a fundamental component of construction, are categorized based on their application and structural characteristics into several types. These include facing bricks, building bricks, hollow bricks, paving bricks, and firebricks. Facing bricks, also referred to as face bricks, are primarily used for both structural support and visual appeal, making their appearance a crucial aspect. In contrast, building bricks are typically used in concealed sections of a structure, such as behind the...
366

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Related Experiment Video

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LEGO® brick supporting a thermo-responsive sorptive phase: a modular platform for circular sample preparation.

Lorenzo Antonelli1, Miriam Bartocci2, Nina Felli2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy. lo.antonelli@uniroma1.it.

Mikrochimica Acta
|January 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel, reusable extraction device using LEGO® bricks and a carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube/L-menthol coating for pesticide analysis. This circular analytical chemistry approach minimizes waste and offers excellent analytical performance for tap water samples.

Keywords:
PesticidesUPLC-DAD/MSCarbon nanotubesCircular analytical chemistryGreen sample preparationMentholRecycled plastic

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Circular Analytical Chemistry (CAC) promotes waste reduction and closed-loop systems.
  • Traditional analytical methods often generate significant waste.
  • There is a need for sustainable and reusable analytical tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a proof-of-concept extraction device based on Circular Analytical Chemistry principles.
  • To utilize LEGO® bricks as a modular and reusable support for a novel sorptive phase.
  • To extract and quantify common pesticides from tap water samples.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a reusable extraction device using LEGO® bricks coated with carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and L-menthol.
  • Application of the device for the solid-phase extraction of eight pesticides from tap water.
  • Elution of analytes using the thermo-responsive properties of L-menthol at 60°C.
  • Direct injection of the extract into a UPLC-DAD/MS system after dilution with isopropanol.

Main Results:

  • The developed method achieved average recoveries between 86.6% and 113%.
  • Precision values ranged from 2.7% to 15%.
  • Limits of quantification were ≤ 0.15 µg L⁻¹, comparable to conventional techniques.

Conclusions:

  • The LEGO® brick-based extraction device offers a sustainable and effective approach for pesticide analysis.
  • The method aligns with Circular Analytical Chemistry goals by using reusable components and minimizing waste.
  • This innovative technique demonstrates excellent analytical performance and potential for broader applications in environmental monitoring.