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Related Concept Videos

Self-Awareness and Its Effects01:21

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Self-awareness is a psychological state in which the individual becomes the focal point of their attention. This inward focus transforms the self into an object of contemplation and assessment, influencing how individuals perceive their actions and their alignment with personal and societal standards.Triggers and Contexts for Self-AwarenessSelf-awareness can be activated by external stimuli that make individuals visually or audibly aware of themselves, such as mirrors, cameras, or recordings.
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Strategies of Self-Presentation III: Self-Monitoring01:24

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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
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Measuring Situation Awareness: A Meta-Review Across Domains.

Laura Louise Moens1,2, Sinéad Lydon3, Sara Cucurachi3

  • 1University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Switzerland.

Human Factors
|January 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This meta-review found limited psychometric evidence for most Situation Awareness (SA) measurement tools. The Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) shows the most validity but has usability issues, suggesting it as current best practice.

Keywords:
measuresphysiological measurementpsychometricssituation awarenessteam situation awarenessvigilance (sustained attention)

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Area of Science:

  • Human Factors
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Measurement Science

Background:

  • Systematic reviews on Situation Awareness (SA) measurement are fragmented, hindering understanding of evidence and best practices.
  • Existing reviews often focus narrowly on specific tools, domains, or psychometric properties.
  • A comprehensive synthesis is needed to guide effective SA measurement across disciplines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and interpret evidence on SA measurement tools from existing systematic reviews.
  • To evaluate the psychometric properties of identified SA measures.
  • To provide practical guidance for SA measurement in various contexts.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-review was conducted, searching five electronic databases up to February 2025.
  • Fourteen systematic reviews focusing on SA measurement were included.
  • Data on review characteristics, SA tools, and psychometric properties were extracted and appraised.

Main Results:

  • 38 distinct SA measurement tools were identified across four categories: self-ratings, observer ratings, probing techniques, and physiological metrics.
  • Most tools exhibited limited psychometric evidence.
  • Probing techniques, particularly the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT), demonstrated the strongest validity but faced usability challenges.

Conclusions:

  • The Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) is currently recommended as best practice, despite usability concerns.
  • Other SA measurement tools offer complementary strengths for specific applications.
  • Guidance is provided to balance rigor and feasibility for enhanced SA measurement in diverse operational environments.