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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Antibiotic-phytochemical combinations against Enterococcus faecalis: a therapeutic strategy optimized using response

Monikankana Dasgupta1, Alakesh Maity1, Ranojit Kumar Sarker1

  • 1Microbial Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, The Neotia University, Sarisha, West Bengal, 743368, India.

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
|January 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study shows combining antibiotics with natural compounds like thymoquinone and cuminaldehyde can lower required doses for treating Enterococcus faecalis infections, improving antimicrobial efficacy.

Keywords:
E. faecalisAntibioticsCombinatorial studyPhytochemicalsRSM

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

  • Enterococcus faecalis is a significant cause of hospital-acquired infections.
  • Antibiotic resistance in E. faecalis poses a major public health challenge.
  • Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to combat resistant strains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the synergistic effects of antibiotics and phytochemicals against E. faecalis.
  • To determine the optimal combination of vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, thymoquinone, and cuminaldehyde.
  • To evaluate the potential of phytochemicals in enhancing antibiotic efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Determined Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) for antibiotics and phytochemicals.
  • Assessed combinatorial effects using Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI).
  • Employed Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for optimizing dosing regimens.

Main Results:

  • Thymoquinone and cuminaldehyde significantly reduced vancomycin and ciprofloxacin MICs.
  • Additive interactions (FICI: 0.66-1) were observed between antibiotics and phytochemicals.
  • RSM accurately predicted optimal combination concentrations (R²: 0.97-0.99).

Conclusions:

  • Combinatorial therapy with antibiotics and phytochemicals shows promise for treating E. faecalis infections.
  • This approach can enhance antimicrobial efficacy and potentially overcome resistance.
  • Optimized dosing strategies are crucial for effective combination therapies.