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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Syphilis Research — Innovations in Treponema pallidum Cultivation and Genetic Engineering
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Multi-Pathogen Knee Infection, Including Treponema pallidum and Brucella: A Case Report.

Youhan Yang1, Haitao Chen1, Yinxian Wen1

  • 1Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

The American Journal of Case Reports
|January 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study details a rare polymicrobial infectious arthritis of the knee caused by multiple pathogens. Neurosyphilis-induced Charcot arthropathy masked severe joint destruction, presenting diagnostic challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Rheumatology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Infectious arthritis typically involves a single pathogen, with Staphylococcus aureus being most common.
  • Polymicrobial joint infections are rare but can lead to complex clinical presentations.
  • This case involves a veterinarian with a knee infection caused by Treponema pallidum and Brucella spp., potentially co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Escherichia coli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the characteristics of atypical joint diseases caused by multi-pathogenic infections.
  • To provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of complex infectious arthritis.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges in cases of polymicrobial joint infections.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 58-year-old male veterinarian with knee pain and swelling post-surgery.
  • Diagnostic workup included imaging, blood tests, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.
  • Serological tests confirmed Treponema pallidum and Brucella abortus infections.

Main Results:

  • Extensive knee joint damage observed on imaging despite normal neutrophil levels and lack of severe pain.
  • Positive serology for Treponema pallidum in blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
  • Positive IgG antibodies against Brucella abortus in blood.

Conclusions:

  • The patient presented with a complex multi-pathogenic joint infection.
  • Charcot arthropathy, secondary to neurosyphilis, likely masked severe joint destruction and pain.
  • This case underscores the diagnostic difficulties in atypical infectious arthritis.