Bioresorbable Electrically-Active Neuromodulation Materials & Devices

Bioresorbable electrically-active neuromodulation devices (BEANDs) integrate degradable materials with the neuromodulation function of electrical stimulation, allowing the implants to gradually resorb after completing their therapeutic tasks and thereby eliminating the need for secondary removal surgery. This technological paradigm creates new opportunities for the treatment of neurological disorders. This review summarizes the material foundations of BEANDs, including the degradation pathways and biological effects of metals, natural polymers, and synthetic polymers; functional material systems comprising conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics; and the core device modules required for operation, such as energy harvesting, storage, transmission, and regulation. We highlight the balance between material performance and bioresorbability and emphasize that multimodal energy management plays a critical role in achieving precise and personalized neuromodulation. Finally, we outline future directions in interdisciplinary integration and clinical translation, which are expected to advance BEANDs from proof-of-concept demonstrations toward practical clinical applications.