The KoNF-YC1-KoXTH5 Regulatory Module Enhances Salt Tolerance by Cell Wall Remodeling and Ion Homeostasis in Mangrove...

Endophytic bacteria colonize plant tissues and promote plant growth.To study their impact on tomato plant growth under salt stress, start with sterile seedlings showing developing leaves and roots.Immerse the roots of the experimental seedling in a suspension of endophytic bacteria; leave the control uninoculated.Transfer both groups into sterilized soil to prevent external microbial interference and incubate in a growth chamber.From the soil, the bacteria enter through transient root openings,...

The paper below presents a protocol for measuring seed germination, seedling growth, and physiological indexes of two pepper varieties with salinity tolerance differences in response to six mixed salt concentrations. This protocol can be used to evaluate the salt tolerance of pepper varieties.

Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.

We present a technique for contactless micromanipulation of vesicles, using localized calcium ion gradients. Microinjection of a calcium ion solution, in the vicinity of a giant lipid vesicle, is utilized to remodel the lipid membrane, resulting in the production of membrane tubular...

The pH of a salt solution is determined by its component anions and cations. Salts that contain pH-neutral anions and the hydronium ion-producing cations form a solution with a pH less than 7. For example, in ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution, NO3− ions do not react with water whereas NH4+ ions produce the hydronium ions resulting in the acidic solution.  In contrast, salts that contain pH-neutral cations and the hydroxide ion-producing anions form a solution with a pH greater than 7. For...