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Formulation and Characterization of Bioactive Agent Containing Nanodisks
Published on: March 17, 2023
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Recent progress on formulations of hirudin.
Zheng Bao1, Xingyu Qi1, Suling Zhu1
1Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Pharmaceutical Science Advances
|January 19, 2026
Summary
Hirudin, a potent anticoagulant peptide from leeches, faces formulation challenges. This review covers traditional and novel delivery systems to improve its therapeutic efficacy and clinical application.
Area of Science:
- Biopharmaceutical research
- Drug delivery systems
- Thrombosis treatment
Background:
- Hirudin is a peptide from leech saliva with anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties.
- Conventional hirudin formulations suffer from degradation, short half-life, low bioavailability, and hemorrhage risk.
- Overcoming these limitations is crucial for effective clinical use.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review research on traditional and novel hirudin formulations.
- To provide references for field research on hirudin delivery systems.
- To analyze advancements in hirudin preparation for improved therapeutic outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Review of conventional hirudin preparations (lyophilized powders, capsules, injections).
- Exploration of frontier strategies: nanotechnology-based delivery, transdermal formulations, prodrug designs.
- Integration of traditional dosage optimization with emerging technologies.
Main Results:
- Assessment of advantages and limitations of conventional hirudin preparations.
- Detailed analysis of innovative strategies for hirudin formulation.
- Identification of cutting-edge advancements in hirudin preparation.
Conclusions:
- Novel formulations are essential to overcome hirudin's pharmacokinetic and safety limitations.
- Biotechnology and nanotechnology offer promising avenues for improved hirudin delivery.
- This review provides updated information on advanced hirudin preparations for researchers.
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