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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

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Refining the Model: Coach-Informed Adaptations to Integrative Health and Wellness Coaching for People With

Alyssa M Smith1, Patricia A Prelock2, Sarah Pettineo3

  • 1Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA (AS).

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine
|January 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Health promotion programs for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) require adaptable coaching. Integrative Health and Wellness Coaching (IHWC) for IDD necessitates flexibility and tailored approaches to support neurodiversity.

Keywords:
integrative health and wellness coachingintellectual and developmental disabilitiesneurodiversityprogram adaptationqualitative research

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Area of Science:

  • Health Promotion
  • Coaching Science
  • Disability Studies

Background:

  • Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are underrepresented in health promotion research.
  • Existing health promotion programs often lack the necessary tailoring for effective engagement and usability within the IDD community.
  • This study focuses on the unique challenges and adaptations within Integrative Health and Wellness Coaching (IHWC) for individuals with IDD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore coach reflections on delivering IHWC to individuals with IDD.
  • To understand the demands of individualized, client-led coaching within this population.
  • To identify key themes and insights from coaches working with neurodivergent clients.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative data collection through coach debriefs and written reflections.
  • Thematic analysis of collected qualitative data.
  • Exploration of coach experiences in adapting IHWC for individuals with IDD.

Main Results:

  • Four key themes emerged: coach preparedness, responding to client differences, balancing structure with adaptation, and practical coaching adaptations.
  • Coaches highlighted the need for flexibility, continuous learning, and specific preparation for neurodivergent clients.
  • Direct coaching experience increased coach confidence in adapting IHWC to meet diverse individual needs.

Conclusions:

  • Integrative Health and Wellness Coaching for individuals with IDD requires specialized reflective training.
  • Adaptable coaching approaches that embrace neurodiversity are essential, moving beyond standardized models.
  • Ongoing coach development is crucial for effectively supporting the health and wellness of individuals with IDD.