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Updated: Jan 20, 2026
Isothermal Titration Calorimetry for Measuring Macromolecule-Ligand Affinity
Published on: September 7, 2011
Structure-effect relationship of phenolic compounds on α-amylase inhibition studied by isothermal titration
Mengyao Xiong1, Jörn Plambeck1, Tuba Esatbeyoglu2
1Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 20146, Germany.
Abstract:
Recent studies have emphasized the therapeutic potential of polyphenols in regulating blood glucose levels. To assess the inhibitory effects of different phenolic structures and various plant extracts on pancreatic α-amylase in real-time under physiologically relevant conditions, starch hydrolysis was monitored by isothermal titration calorimetry. Significant impact of the phenolic structure was observed for the inhibition strength and mechanism. While some polyphenols demonstrated reversible inhibition, others seem to form aggregates. Traditional apple varieties exhibited greater α-amylase inhibition than commercial varieties. Apple peel, characterized by higher phenolic contents and flavonols, exceeded the inhibition by extracts from flesh. Aronia rich in procyanidins and tea with EGCG revealed excellent and concentration-dependent inhibition. In contrast to cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, black carrot anthocyanins exhibited insignificant inhibition, indicating a limiting impact of the sugar acylation. These findings underscore the role of specific polyphenol structures in modulating carbohydrate digestion, suggesting their potential for managing glycaemic control.
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02:23Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and...